As glucose (sugar) enters the bloodstream, it binds with hemoglobin, a protein present in red blood cells. Everyone has some glucose attached to their hemoglobin, but individuals with high blood sugar levels have more. These glucose-hemoglobin bonds persist for about three months, the lifespan of a red blood cell.

The hemoglobin A1C blood test measures the percentage of red blood cells that have sugar-coated hemoglobin, providing insight into blood sugar levels over the past three months. It is a valuable tool in monitoring and managing diabetes, as well as for diagnosing prediabetes.

Who should take this test?

This test is appropriate for individuals with diabetes and those concerned about their risk of developing diabetes.

The CDC recommends a baseline A1c test for all individuals over the age of 45. Testing is also recommended for those under 45 who are overweight and have one or more risk factors for prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.

For individuals with diabetes, the CDC recommends A1c testing at least twice a year.

What is included in this test?

This blood test measures:

• Hemoglobin A1C

Hemoglobin A1C, or hemoglobin attached to glucose, is expressed as a percentage. The higher the A1C percentage, the greater the average blood sugar levels, indicating poorer glucose control.

Test results will also be expressed in terms of estimated average glucose (eAG). The eAG value is derived from the hemoglobin A1C result, but provides a more easily understandable representation of what that result means in terms of daily blood sugar monitoring.

How will taking this test benefit me?

For individuals seeking to manage their diabetes effectively, this test is an essential tool for monitoring blood sugar control over time and adjusting treatment plans as necessary. For those at risk of developing diabetes, hemoglobin A1c testing can help identify early signs of blood sugar abnormalities and guide interventions to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes.