Cardiovascular disease is a broad term encompassing conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, including heart disease and stroke, and is the leading cause of death globally. Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (two types of lipids) are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

A lipid panel, also known as a lipid profile, measures levels of various types of fat molecules (lipids), including cholesterol and triglycerides, in the bloodstream to assess your risk of cardiovascular disease. Excessive lipid levels can contribute to the buildup of plaque in your blood vessels and arteries, increasing your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

Who should take this test?

A lipid panel is typically recommended for individuals who fall into certain risk categories or as part of routine health screenings. Those with a family history of heart disease, high cholesterol, or atherosclerosis should consider lipid panel testing, especially if these conditions occurred at a relatively young age in family members. Individuals who smoke, have high blood pressure, diabetes, or are overweight are also at an increased risk of cardiovascular problems and should undergo lipid panel testing.

What is included in this test?

This test measures:

• Total cholesterol
• LDL (low-density lipoprotein, commonly referred to as "bad cholesterol")
• VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein)
• HDL (high-density lipoprotein, commonly referred to as "good cholesterol")
• LDL/HDL ratio
• Triglycerides

In addition to measuring total cholesterol, this comprehensive lipid panel provides a ratio of LDL ("bad cholesterol") to HDL (“good cholesterol”), reflecting the balance between LDL and HDL cholesterol in the bloodstream. A higher ratio means there is a greater amount of LDL relative to HDL, indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Elevated VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) levels are another indicator of increased risk of cardiovascular problems, as are high levels of triglycerides.

How will taking this test benefit me?

High blood cholesterol and/or triglycerides don't have symptoms. The only way to know your cardiovascular risk is to get tested.

If your lipid panel results are abnormal, you can take proactive steps to reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease, including dietary changes and lifestyle modifications. Early detection allows for timely intervention!